References

This list is not exhaustive but should provide you with a good start at the literature. Some of the references are repeated if they cover more than one topic. This list comes with a health warning. Beware: the information in these references is often contradictory! Much of the older work on basement structure and the metamorphic history of the massif has been thrown into doubt because of the Proterozoic ages (predicted from field relationships) for the formation of the main gneissic banding through much of the Nanga Parbat massif.

Butler, R.W.H. & Prior, D.J. 1988. Anatomy of a continental subduction zone: the Main Mantle Thrust in northern Pakistan. Geologisches Rundschau, 77, 239-255.

Butler, R.W.H. & Prior, D.J. 1988b. Tectonic controls on the uplift of Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalayas. Nature 333, 247-250.

Butler, R.W.H., Prior, D.J. & Knipe, R.J. 1989. Neotectonics of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis, Pakistan, and crustal stacking in the northwest Himalayas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94, 329-343.

Butler, R.W.H. Harris, N.B.W. & Whittington, A.G. 1997. Interactions between deformation, magmatism and hydrothermal activity during active crustal thickening: a field example from Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalayas. Mineralogical Magazine, 61, 37-52.

Butler, R.W.H., Owen, L.A. & Prior, D.J. 1988. Flashfloods, earthquakes and uplift in the Pakistan Himalayas. Geology Today 4, 197-201.

Madin, I.P., Lawrence, R.D. & Ur-Rehman, S. 1989. The northwest Nanga Parbat-Haramosh massif: evidence for crustal uplift at the northwestern corner of the Indian craton. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 232, 169-182.

Owen, L.A. 1989. Neotectonics and glacial deformation in the Karakoram Mountains and Nanga Parbat Himalaya. Tectonophysics, 163, 227-265.

Butler, R.W.H. George, M., Harris, N.B.W., Jones, C., Prior, D.J., Treloar, P.J. & Wheeler, J. 1992. Geology of the northern part of the Nanga Parbat massif, northern Pakistan, and its implications for Himalayan tectonics. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 149, 557-567.

Coward, M.P. 1985. A section through the Nanga Parbat syntaxis, Indus valley, Kohistan. Geological Bulletin of the University of Peshawar, 18, 147-152.

Madin, I.P., Lawrence, R.D. & Ur-Rehman, S. 1989. The northwest Nanga Parbat-Haramosh massif: evidence for crustal uplift at the northwestern corner of the Indian craton. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 232, 169-182.

Pognante, U., Benna, P. & Le Fort, P. 1993. High-pressure metamorphism in the High Himalayan Crystallines of the stak valley, north-eastern Nanga Parbat-Haramosh syntaxis, Pakistan Himalaya. In: Treloar, P.J., & Searle, M.P. (eds)Himalayan Tectonics. Special publications of the Geological Society, London, 74, 161-172.

Treloar, P.J., Potts, G.J., Wheeler, J. & Rex, D.C. 1991. Structural evolution and asymmetric uplift of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis, Pakistan Himalayas. Geologisches Rundschau, 80, 411-428.

Wheeler, J., Treloar, P.J. & Potts, G.J., 1995. Structural and metamorphic evolution of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis, Pakistan Himalayas, on the Indus gorge transect: the importance of early events Geological Journal, 30, 349-371.

Butler, R.W.H. & Coward, M.P. 1989. Crustal scale thrusting and continental subduction during Himalayan collision tectonics on the NW Indian plate. In: Tectonic evolution of Tethyan Regions (ed. B.C. Burchfiel & A.M.C. Sengor) Proc. NATO ASI, Kluwer, Dordrecht C259, 387-413.

Butler, R.W.H. & Harris, N.B.W. 1990. Block 6: the Himalayas. In: S339 Understanding the Continents. Open University.

Coward, M.P., Jan, M.Q., Rex, D.C.,Tarney, J. Thirwall, M. & Windley, B.F. 1992. Structural evolution of a crustal section in the western Himalayas. Nature, 295, 22-24.

Coward, M.P., Windley, B.F., Broughton, R.D., Luff, I.W., Petterson, M.G., Pudsey, C.J., Tex, D.C. & Khan, M.A. 1986. Collision tectonics in the NW Himalayas. In: Coward, M.P. & Ries, A.C. (eds) Collision Tectonics. Special Publications of the Geological Society, London, 19, 203-219.

Coward, M.P., Butler, R.W.H., Chambers, A.F., Graham, R.H., Izatt, C.N., Khan, M.A., Knipe, R.J., Prior, D.J., Treloar, P.J. & Williams, M.P. 1988. Folding and imbrication of the Indian crust during Himalayan collision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, A326, 89-116.

Seeber, L. & Pecher, A. 1998. Strain partitioning along the Himalayan arc and the Nanga Parbat antiform. Geology, 26, 791-794.

Butler, R.W.H. Harris, N.B.W. & Whittington, A.G. 1997. Interactions between deformation, magmatism and hydrothermal activity during active crustal thickening: a field example from Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalayas. Mineralogical Magazine, 61, 37-52.

Chamberlain, C.P., Zeitler, P.K., Barnett, D.E., Winslow, D., Poulson, S.R., Leahy, T. & Hammer, J.E. 1995. Active hydrothermal systems during the recent uplift of Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 439-453.

Craw, D., Koons, P.O., Winslow, D., Chamberlain, C.P. & Zeitler, P.K. 1994. Boiling fluids in a region of rapid uplift, Nanga Parbat massif, Pakistan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 128, 169-182.

Whittington, A.G. 1996. Exhumation overrated at Nanga Parbat, northern Pakistan. Tectonophysics 260, 215-226.

Winslow, D.M., Zeitler, P.K. & Chamberlain, C.P. 1994. Direct evidence for a steepened geotherm under conditions of rapid denudation, Pakistan Himalayas. Geology 22, 1075-1078.

Zeitler, P.K., Johnson, N.M., Naeser, C.M. & Tahirkheli, R.A.K. 1982. Fission-track evidence for Quaternary uplift of the Nanga Parbat region, Pakistan. Nature 298, 255-257.

Zeitler, P.K., 1985. Cooling history of the NW Himalaya, Pakistan. Tectonics, 4, 127-151.

Butler, R.W.H. Harris, N.B.W. & Whittington, A.G. 1997. Interactions between deformation, magmatism and hydrothermal activity during active crustal thickening: a field example from Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalayas. Mineralogical Magazine, 61, 37-52.

George, M.T., Harris, N.B.W. & Butler, R.W.H., 1993. The tectonic implications of contrasting granite magmatism between the Kohistan island arc and the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif, Pakistan Himalaya. In: Treloar, P.J., & Searle, M.P. (eds)Himalayan Tectonics. Special publications of the Geological Society, London, 74, 173-191.

Whittington, A., Harris, N. & Baker, J. 1998. Low-pressure crustal anatexis: the significance of spinel and cordierite from metapelitic assemblages at Nanga Parbat, northern Pakistan. In: Treloar, P.J. & O'Brien, P.J. (eds) What drives metamorphism and metamorphic reactions? Special Publications of the Geological Society, London, 138, 183-198.

Zeitler, P.K., Chamberlain, C.P. & Smith, H.A. 1993. Synchronous anatexis, metamorphism, and rapid denudation at Nanga Parbat (Pakistan Himalayas). Geology, 21, 347-350.

Zeitler, P.K. & Chamberlain, C.P., 1991. Petrogenetic and tectonic significance of young leucogranites from the northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan. Tectonics, 10, 729-741.

Butler, R.W.H. Harris, N.B.W. & Whittington, A.G. 1997. Interactions between deformation, magmatism and hydrothermal activity during active crustal thickening: a field example from Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalayas. Mineralogical Magazine, 61, 37-52.

Chamberlain, C.P. & Zeitler, P.K. 1996. Assembly of the crystalline terranes of the northwestern Himalaya and Karakorum, northwestern Pakistan. In: Yin, A. & Harrison, M. (eds) The Tectonic Evolution of Asia. Cambridge University Press, 138-148.

George, M.T., Harris, N.B.W. & Butler, R.W.H., 1993. The tectonic implications of contrasting granite magmatism between the Kohistan island arc and the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif, Pakistan Himalaya. In: Treloar, P.J., & Searle, M.P. (eds)Himalayan Tectonics. Special publications of the Geological Society, London, 74, 173-191.

Smith, H.A., Chamberlain, C.P. & Zeitler, P.K. 1992. Documentation of Neogene regional metamorphism in the Himalayas of Pakistan using U-Pb in monazite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 113, 93-105.

Zeitler, P.K., Johnson, N.M., Naeser, C.M. & Tahirkheli, R.A.K. 1982. Fission-track evidence for Quaternary uplift of the Nanga Parbat region, Pakistan. Nature 298, 255-257.

Zeitler, P.K., 1985. Cooling history of the NW Himalaya, Pakistan. Tectonics, 4, 127-151.

Zeitler, P.K., Sutter, J.F., Williams, I.S., Zartman, R. & Tahirkheli, R.A.K. 1989. Geochronology and temperature history of the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif, Pakistan. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 232, 1-22.

Desio, A. 1976. Geotettonica delle zone orogeniche del Kashmir Himalaya, Karakorum - Hindu Kush - Pamir. Atti dei Convegni Lincei, 21, 115-129.

Misch, P. 1949. Metasomatic granitisation of batholithic dimensions. American Journal of Science, 247, 209-249.

Tahirkheli, R.A.K. & Jan, M.Q. 1979. Geology of Kohistan, Karakoram Himalaya, northern Pakistan. University of Peshawar Geological Bulletin Special Issue, 13, 1-187.

Wadia, D.N. 1933 Note on the geology of Nanga Parbat (Mt. Diamir) and adjoining portions of Chilas, Gilgit District, Kashmir. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 66, 212-234 (and enclosed maps and sections).

Wadia, D.N. 1961. The geology of India. MacMillan, New York.