Atmosphere Contents

Atmosphere Summary

The atmosphere has changed over millions of years from one of little oxygen to one where oxygen and carbon dioxide are abundant and are essential requirements for life. The vertical structure of the atmosphere is clearly defined with activity in the troposphere and stratosphere creating most impact on the Earth. Solar radiation from the sun provides energy for the biosphere, for atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, and for weather systems. The amount of solar radiation received by the Earth depends on factors such as the shape of the Earth's orbit, the distance from the equator and precession. The Earth's energy is distributed through the general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, notably global wind patterns. Secondary circulation within the atmosphere generates different weather patterns at different latitudes, including relatively stable conditions associated with air masses, and also more variable conditions associated with fronts and, in more extreme conditions, cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons.