The Earth Contents

3. Weathering

Acid hydrolysis is one of the main mechanisms of chemical weathering

The effect of acid rain on vegetation can be devastating.

Pure water is relatively uncommon and the small amounts of acids which are naturally present in water provide one of the main mechanisms for chemical weathering of silicate rock minerals. The acids greatly facilitate the removal of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium (the main metals in the crust), leaving behind an aluminium and silicate-bearing residue. The main acids come from the dissolution of atmospheric gases, carbon dioxide giving carbonic acid, and sulphur dioxide with sulphur trioxide giving sulphurous acid and sulphuric acid. In many cases natural sources of these acids are greatly enhanced by the addition of pollutant gases generated by fossil fuel burning which creates 'acid rain'.

Explain acid hydrolysis.